Rong Ngeng of the Urak Lawoi: Identity and Identity Negotiation of the Sea People on the Andaman Coast, Thailand

Abstract

This qualitative research study focuses on the Urak Lawoi’s use of Rong Ngeng performances for ethnic maintenance and identity negotiation. Data was collected through fieldwork, interviews, observation, focus group discussions, and related documents. The research had three main objectives: 1) to explore the historical development of the Urak Lawoi ethnic group in the Andaman Sea, Thailand; 2) to examine Rong Ngeng performances in the context of ethnic maintenance and cultural identity of the Urak Lawoi in Phuket Province; and 3) to investigate Rong Ngeng performances in the context of identity negotiation as Thai citizens. The findings revealed that the Urak Lawoi utilized Rong Ngeng performances as a significant means to preserve their ethnicity and to connect with the boat floating ceremony, a tradition that reflected the social identity of the seapeople. This ceremony took place twice a year on Sire Island, Laem Tuk Kae Village, Phuket Province, and included a Rong Ngeng performance alongside a sacred ceremony led by a shaman for identity negotiation. Additionally, Rong Ngeng was performed at local festivals such as the Retrospective Festival, Chinese New Year Festival, Thao Thep Kasattri-Thao Si Sunthorn Festival, and Por Tor Festival, with performance styles adapted to suit different social contexts. As a result, the Urak Lawoi’s Rong Ngeng performances were embraced as part of Phuket Province’s identity and became a significant aspect of its tourism industry, serving as a bridge to foster connections between the seapeople and other members of society.